Nk’ingoma ya Tang, Lu Yu yashyizeho gahunda yubwoko 19 bwibikoresho byo gufata icyayi cya cake muri "Icyayi Classic", maze ashyiraho prototype yimashini yicyayi.Kuva Repubulika y’Ubushinwa yashingwa,UbushinwaImashini yicyayi iteza imbere ifite amateka yimyaka irenga 70.Igihugu kigenda cyita cyane ku nganda zikora imashini z’icyayi,Ubushinwa'gutunganya icyayi ahanini byageze kumashini no gukoresha mudasobwa, kandi imashini ikora icyayi nayo itera imbere byihuse.

Kugirango tuvuge muri makeUbushinwa'ibyagezweho mu bijyanye n’imashini zicyayi no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye kandi ryiza ryinganda zicyayi, iyi ngingo irerekana iterambere ryimashini zicyayi muriUbushinwaduhereye ku bijyanye no guteza imbere imashini zicyayi, gukoresha imashini yicyayi gukoresha ingufu hamwe nogukoresha imashini yicyayi, ikanaganira ku iterambere ryimashini zicyayi mubushinwa.Ibibazo birasesengurwa kandi ingamba zihuye nazo zishyirwa imbere.Hanyuma, iterambere ryigihe kizaza ryimashini yicyayi irateganijwe.

 01Incamake yimashini yicyayi yubushinwa

Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu kinini gitanga icyayi ku isi, gifite intara zirenga 20 zitanga icyayi hamwe n’icyayi kirenga 1.000imigi.Mu nganda zishingiye ku nganda zikomeza gutunganyirizwa icyayi hamwe n’inganda zikenewe mu kuzamura ubuziranenge no gukora neza, umusaruro w’icyayi ukoreshwa mu buryo bwa tekinike wabaye inzira yonyine yo kwiteza imbereUbushinwaInganda zicyayi.Kugeza ubu, hari imashini zirenga 400 zitunganya imashini zitunganya icyayi muriUbushinwa, cyane cyane mu ntara za Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan na Fujian.

Ukurikije uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, imashini zicyayi zirashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: imashini ikora icyayi nicyuma gitunganya icyayi.

Iterambere ryimashini zitunganya icyayi zatangiye mu myaka ya za 1950, cyane cyane icyayi kibisi n’imashini zitunganya icyayi cyirabura.Mu kinyejana cya 21, gutunganya icyayi cyatsi kibisi, icyayi cyirabura nicyayi kizwi cyane byakozwe mumashini.Kubireba ibyiciro bitandatu byingenzi byicyayi, imashini zingenzi zitunganya icyayi kibisi nicyayi cyirabura zirakuze, imashini zingenzi zitunganya icyayi cya oolong nicyayi cyijimye zirakuze, kandi imashini zingenzi zitunganya icyayi cyera nicyayi cyumuhondo nacyo kiri gutezwa imbere.

Ibinyuranye, iterambere ryimashini zikoresha umurima wicyayi zatangiye ugereranije.Mu myaka ya za 70, hateguwe imashini zikora nkibikorwa byo guhinga icyayi.Nyuma, izindi mashini zikora nka trimmers hamwe nimashini zitora icyayi zatejwe imbere buhoro buhoro.Bitewe no gucunga neza imashini yubusitani bwicyayi Byinshi, ubushakashatsi niterambere no guhanga udushya twimashini zicunga ubusitani bwicyayi ntibihagije, kandi biracyari mubyiciro byambere byiterambere.

02Iterambere ryimashini yicyayi

1. Imashini ikora icyayi

Imashini ikora icyayi igabanyijemo imashini zihinga, imashini zihinga, imashini zirinda ibihingwa, gutema no gufata icyayi nubundi bwoko.

Kuva mu myaka ya za 1950 kugeza ubu, imashini zikoresha ubusitani bwicyayi zanyuze mubyiciro, icyiciro cyubushakashatsi nicyiciro cyambere cyiterambere.Muri icyo gihe, imashini y’icyayi abakozi ba R&D batezimbere buhoro buhoro abahinzi borozi b’icyayi, gutema ibiti byicyayi nizindi mashini zikora zujuje ibyifuzo nyabyo, cyane cyane ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’ubuhinzi bw’ubuhinzi cya Nanjing cya Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’icyaro cyateje imbere “imashini imwe ifite byinshi. ikoresha "ibikoresho byinshi byo gucunga ubusitani bwicyayi.Imashini ikora umurima wicyayi ifite iterambere rishya.

Kugeza ubu, uduce tumwe na tumwe tugeze ku rwego rwo gutunganya imashini zikoreshwa mu busitani bw’icyayi, nk Umujyi wa Rizhao mu Ntara ya Shandong n’Intara ya Wuyi mu Ntara ya Zhejiang.

Nyamara, muri rusange, mubijyanye nubushakashatsi bwubukanishi niterambere, ubwiza nimikorere yimashini zikora biracyakenewe kurushaho kunozwa, kandi hariho intera nini hagati yurwego rusange nu Buyapani;mubijyanye no kuzamurwa no gukoresha, igipimo cyo gukoresha no gukundwa ntabwo kiri hejuru, Birenze90% byimashini zitora icyayi hamwe na trimmers ziracyari icyitegererezo cyabayapani, kandi imicungire yubusitani bwicyayi mubice bimwe byimisozi iracyiganjemo abakozi.

1. Imashini zitunganya icyayi

   ·Uruhinja: Mbere ya 1950

Muri iki gihe, gutunganya icyayi byagumye ku cyiciro cyo gukora intoki, ariko ibikoresho byinshi byo gukora icyayi byakozwe mu ngoma ya Tang na Song byashyizeho urufatiro rwo guteza imbere imashini z’icyayi.

· Igihe cyiterambere cyihuse: 1950 kugeza mu mpera zikinyejana cya 20

Kuva mubikorwa byintoki kugeza igice cya kabiri nigikorwa cya mashini, muriki gihe, hateguwe ibikoresho byinshi byibanze byonyine byo gutunganya icyayi, bituma icyayi kibisi, icyayi cyirabura, cyane cyane gutunganya icyayi kizwi cyane

· Kwihutisha iterambere ryiterambere: ikinyejana cya 21 ~ ubungubu

Kuva muburyo buto bwo gutunganya ibikoresho byonyine kugeza kubushobozi buhanitse, gukoresha ingufu nke, uburyo bwo gukora ibicuruzwa bisukuye kandi bikomeza, hanyuma buhoro buhoro tumenya "gusimbuza imashini".

Gutunganya icyayi ibikoresho byonyine bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: imashini zibanze n’imashini zitunganya.igihugu cyanjye icyayi imashini ikora ibanze (green gutunganya icyayiimashini, imashini izunguruka, yumisha, nibindi) byateye imbere byihuse.Imashini nyinshi zicyayi zashoboye kumenya imikorere ikora, ndetse zifite imikorere yubushyuhe nubushuhe.Nyamara, kubijyanye nubwiza bwo gutunganya icyayi, urwego rwo kwikora, kuzigama ingufu Haracyariho iterambere.Mugereranije,UbushinwaImashini zitunganya (imashini yerekana, imashini itandukanya umuyaga, nibindi) itera imbere gahoro gahoro, ariko hamwe nogutezimbere gutunganya, imashini nkiyi nayo ikomeza kunozwa no kunozwa.

Iterambere ryibikoresho byicyayi byonyine byashyizeho uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya icyayi gihoraho, kandi binashyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rwubushakashatsi no kubaka imirongo y’umusaruro.Kugeza ubu, hateguwe imirongo irenga 3.000 yo gutunganya icyayi kibisi, icyayi cyirabura, nicyayi cya oolong.Mu mwaka wa 2016, umurongo wo gutunganya no gusuzuma washyizwe mu bikorwa no gutunganya no gutunganya icyayi kibisi, icyayi cy'umukara n'icyayi cyijimye.Mubyongeyeho, ubushakashatsi ku rwego rwo gukoresha no gutunganya ibintu byumurongo utanga umusaruro nabyo biranonosowe.Kurugero, mumwaka wa 2020, hashyizweho umurongo wumusaruro usanzwe wicyayi giciriritse nicyiciro cyo hejuru cyicyayi kibisi, cyakemuye neza ibibazo byumurongo wambere utanga icyayi.nibindi bibazo bifite ireme.

Imashini zimwe zicyayi zihagaze zonyine ntizifite imikorere ihoraho (nkimashini zogosha) cyangwa imikorere yazo ntabwo ikuze bihagije (nkimashini zuzuza icyayi cyumuhondo), ibyo bikabuza iterambere ryihuse ryimirongo yumusaruro kurwego runaka.Byongeye kandi, nubwo hari ibikoresho byo gupima kumurongo bifite amazi make, ntabwo byakoreshejwe cyane mubikorwa kubera igiciro kinini, kandi ubwiza bwibicuruzwa byicyayi mubikorwa biracyakenewe kugenzurwa nuburambe bwintoki.Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa ryumurongo wogutunganya icyayi kurubu birashobora kuba byikora, ariko ntabwo byageze kubwenge nyabwonyamara.

03imashini yicyayi gukoresha ingufu

Gukoresha bisanzwe imashini yicyayi ntaho bitandukaniye no gutanga ingufu.Ingufu zikoreshwa mu cyayi zigabanyijemo ingufu za fosile gakondo n’ingufu zisukuye, muri zo ingufu zisukuye zirimo amashanyarazi, gaze ya peteroli yamazi, gaze gasanzwe, lisansi ya biyomasi, nibindi.

Muburyo bwiterambere ryibicanwa bisukuye kandi bizigama ingufu, ibicanwa bya biomass pellet bikozwe mumashanyarazi, amashami yishyamba, ibyatsi, ibyatsi by ingano, nibindi byahawe agaciro ninganda, kandi byatangiye kumenyekana cyane kubera ibyabo igiciro gito cy'umusaruro n'amasoko yagutse.Byinshi kandi bikoreshwa mugutunganya icyayi.

 In rusange, ubushyuhe nkamashanyarazi na gaze bifite umutekano kandi byoroshye gukoresha, kandi ntibisaba ibindi bikoresho bifasha.Nibisanzwe byingenzi bitanga ingufu zo gutunganya icyayi no gutunganya umurongo.

Nubwo gukoresha ingufu zo gushyushya inkwi no gutwika amakara bisa nkibidakorwa neza kandi bitangiza ibidukikije, birashobora guhura nabantu bakurikirana ibara ryihariye nimpumuro yicyayi, kubwubu baracyakoreshwa.

Mu myaka yashize, hashingiwe ku gitekerezo cy’iterambere cyo kuzigama ingufu, kugabanya ibyuka no kugabanya ingufu, hari intambwe nini imaze guterwa mu kugarura ingufu no gukoresha imashini z’icyayi.

Kurugero, 6CH ikurikirana ya plaque yamashanyarazi ikoresha shell-na-tube ihinduranya ubushyuhe kugirango imyanda igarure gaze ya gaze, ishobora kongera ubushyuhe bwambere bwikirere kuri 20 ~ 25 ℃, ikemura mu buryo bwa gihanga ikibazo cyo gukoresha ingufu nyinshi ;imashini ivanze cyane hamwe no gutunganya imashini ikoresha Igikoresho cyo kugarura kumababi yimashini yimashini ikosora igarura amavuta yuzuye kumuvuduko wikirere, ikongera ikayifasha kongera gukora umwuka wuzuye wuzuye hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, bigasubira mubibabi inlet yimashini itunganya kugirango ikoreshe ingufu zubushyuhe, zishobora kuzigama ingufu zingana na 20%.Irashobora kandi kwemeza ubwiza bwicyayi.

04 Imashini yicyayi ikorana buhanga

Gukoresha imashini zicyayi ntibishobora gusa kunoza imikorere yumusaruro gusa, ahubwo birashobora no guhagarara neza kuburyo butaziguye cyangwa no kuzamura ubwiza bwicyayi.Guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga birashobora kuzana uburyo bubiri muburyo bwo gukanika no gukora neza icyayi, kandi ibitekerezo byubushakashatsi nibitekerezo byiterambere bifite ibintu bibiri.

① Hashingiwe ku ihame ryubukanishi, imiterere shingiro yimashini yicyayi iratera imbere muburyo bushya, kandi imikorere yayo iratera imbere cyane.Kurugero, mubijyanye no gutunganya icyayi cyumukara, twashizeho ibice byingenzi nkimiterere ya fermentation, ibikoresho bihindura ibikoresho hamwe nubushyuhe, tunateza imbere imashini yimisemburo ihuriweho hamwe na mashini ya fermentation ikungahaye kuri ogisijeni, ikemura ibibazo byubushyuhe bwa fermentation idahindagurika kandi ubuhehere, ingorane zo guhinduka no kubura ogisijeni., fermentation itaringaniye nibindi bibazo.

Pp Koresha ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa, isesengura ryibikoresho bigezweho no gutahura, tekinoroji ya chip nubundi buhanga buhanitse kandi bushya mu gukora imashini yicyayi kugirango imikorere yayo igenzurwe kandi igaragara, kandi buhoro buhoro tumenye ubwikorezi nubwenge bwimashini zicyayi.Imyitozo yerekanye ko guhanga no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga bishobora guteza imbere imikorere yimashini zicyayi, kuzamura ubwiza bwamababi yicyayi, no guteza imbere iterambere ryihuse ryinganda zicyayi.

1.Ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa

Tekinoroji ya mudasobwa ituma iterambere rihoraho, ryikora kandi ryubwenge ryimashini yicyayi ishoboka.

Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji ya mudasobwa, tekinoroji yo kugenzura, ikoranabuhanga rya digitale, nibindi byakoreshejwe neza mugukora imashini zicyayi, kandi byageze kubisubizo byiza.

Ukoresheje gushakisha amashusho hamwe nubuhanga bwo gutunganya amakuru, imiterere nyayo, ibara nuburemere bwicyayi birashobora gusesengurwa muburyo bwinshi;ukoresheje sisitemu yo kugenzura byikora, imashini nshya yubushyuhe bwicyayi icyatsi kibisi gishobora kugera kubushyuhe bwubuso bwamababi yicyatsi nubushuhe buri mumasanduku.Imiyoboro myinshi-nyayo-kumurongo itahura ibipimo bitandukanye, kugabanya gushingira kuburambe bw'intoki；Ukoresheje tekinoroji yo kugenzura ikoreshwa rya porogaramu (PLC), hanyuma ukayungururwa no gutanga amashanyarazi, optique ya fibre optique ikusanya amakuru ya fermentation, ibikoresho bya fermentation bihinduka mubimenyetso bya digitale, hamwe na microprocessor ikora, ikabara ikanasesengura, kugirango igikoresho cyo guteranya gishobora kurangiza gutondekanya icyitegererezo cyicyayi cyijimye kugirango bapimwe.Ukoresheje kugenzura byikora hamwe na tekinoroji yo guhuza abantu na mudasobwa, imashini izunguruka TC-6CR-50 CNC irashobora kugenzura neza umuvuduko, umuvuduko nigihe cyo kumenya ibipimo byogukora icyayi;ukoresheje sensor sensor yubushakashatsi bwigihe gikwiye, icyayi kirashobora guhora gitunganijwe Igice gihindura ubushyuhe bwinkono nkuko bikenewe kugirango icyayi kiri mumasafuriya gishyushye neza kandi gifite ubuziranenge bumwe.

2.Isesengura ryibikoresho bigezweho hamwe nubuhanga bwo kumenya

Kumenyekanisha imashini yicyayi biterwa na tekinoroji ya mudasobwa, kandi kugenzura imiterere nibipimo byo gutunganya icyayi bigomba gushingira kubisesengura no gutahura ibikoresho bigezweho.Binyuze mu guhuza amakuru menshi yerekana amakuru y'ibikoresho byo gutahura, isuzuma ryuzuye rya digitale yibintu byiza nkamabara, impumuro nziza, uburyohe nuburyo bwicyayi birashobora kugerwaho, kandi kwikora kwukuri niterambere ryubwenge ryinganda zicyayi birashobora kugerwaho.

Kugeza ubu, iryo koranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe neza mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere imashini z’icyayi, bituma habaho gutahura no kuvangura ku murongo wo gutunganya icyayi, kandi ubwiza bw’icyayi burashobora kugenzurwa.Kurugero, uburyo bwuzuye bwo gusuzuma kurwego rwa "fermentation" yicyayi cyumukara cyashyizweho hakoreshejwe tekinoroji ya infragre ya spekitroscopi ihujwe na sisitemu yo kureba mudasobwa irashobora kurangiza urubanza muminota 1, ifasha kugenzura ingingo zingenzi za tekinike yumukara gutunganya icyayi;gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya zuru rya elegitoronike kugirango hamenyekane impumuro nziza mugikorwa cyo gutunganya icyatsi Gukomeza gutoranya icyitegererezo, hanyuma hashingiwe ku buryo bwo kuvangura bwa Fisher, hashobora kubakwa uburyo bwo kuvangura icyayi uburyo bwo kuvangura icyayi kugira ngo hagenzurwe ku murongo no kugenzura ubwiza bw’icyayi kibisi;ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya kure na hyperspectral yerekana amashusho hamwe nuburyo bwo kwerekana imiterere idafite umurongo birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ubwenge bwicyayi kibisi Gutanga ishingiro ryukuri hamwe ninkunga yamakuru.

Ihuriro ryibikoresho byo gutahura no gusesengura hamwe nubundi buhanga byanakoreshejwe mubijyanye nicyayi cyimashini zitunganya cyane.Kurugero, Anhui Jiexun Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd yateje imbere igicu cyubwenge bwicyayi.Ibara rya sorter ikoresha tekinoroji yo gusesengura ibintu hamwe na tekinoroji yijisho rya kagoma, kamera yikoranabuhanga rya bicu, kugura ibicu no gutunganya tekinoroji hamwe nikoranabuhanga.Irashobora kumenya umwanda muto udashobora kumenyekana naba basanzwe basiga amabara, kandi irashobora gutondekanya neza ingano yumurongo, uburebure, uburebure nubugwaneza bwamababi yicyayi.Ibara ryibara ryubwenge ntirikoreshwa gusa mubyayi, ahubwo no muguhitamo ibinyampeke, imbuto, imyunyu ngugu, nibindi, kugirango bizamure ubwiza rusange nigaragara ryibikoresho byinshi.

3.Ubundi buhanga

Usibye tekinoroji ya mudasobwa nubuhanga bugezweho bwo kumenya ibikoresho, I.OIkoranabuhanga rya T, tekinoroji ya AI, tekinoroji ya chip nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga nabyo byahujwe kandi bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye nko gucunga ubusitani bwicyayi, gutunganya icyayi, ibikoresho ndetse nububiko, bigatuma ubushakashatsi niterambere ryimashini zicyayi ndetse niterambere ryinganda zicyayi byihuse.Fata urwego rushya.

Mubikorwa byo gucunga ubusitani bwicyayi, ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya IoT nka sensor hamwe numuyoboro udafite insinga zirashobora kumenya igihe nyacyo cyo kugenzura ubusitani bwicyayi, bigatuma gahunda yicyayi cyicyayi irushaho kugira ubwenge kandi ikora neza.Urugero, ibyuma byimbere-byimbere (ikibabi ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, ibyuma bikura byikura, ibyuma byubutaka bwubutaka, nibindi) birashobora guhita byohereza amakuru yubutaka bwubusitani bwicyayi nikirere cyikirere muri sisitemu yo gukusanya amakuru, kandi PC PC irashobora gukora igenzura, kuhira neza no gufumbira igihe icyo aricyo cyose nahantu hose binyuze kuri mobile Apple igihe cyo gutoranya gikwiye, umusaruro nigihe cyo gutoranya imashini ya buri cyiciro gishobora guhanurwa hifashishijwe isesengura no kwerekana imiterere.ubuziranenge, bityo bikazamura ubwiza nuburyo bwiza bwo gufata icyayi gikoreshwa.

Muburyo bwo gutunganya icyayi no kubyaza umusaruro, tekinoroji ya AI ikoreshwa mugushiraho umurongo wo gukuramo umwanda.Binyuze mu igenzura rigezweho ryerekana ubwenge, umwanda utandukanye mu cyayi urashobora kumenyekana, kandi mugihe kimwe, kugaburira ibikoresho, gutanga, gufotora, gusesengura, gutoranya, kongera kugenzura, nibindi birashobora guhita birangira.Gukusanya hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kumenya automatike nubwenge byumurongo wo gutunganya no gutunganya icyayi.Mu bikoresho no mu bubiko, ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji iranga radiyo (RFID) irashobora kumenya itumanaho ryamakuru hagati yabasomyi nibirango byibicuruzwa, kandi bigakurikirana amakuru y’icyayi kugirango habeho gucunga neza amasoko..

Kubera iyo mpamvu, tekinoloji zitandukanye zateje imbere kumenyekanisha no guteza imbere ubwenge bw’inganda zicyayi mubijyanye no gutera, guhinga, kubyaza umusaruro no gutunganya, kubika no gutwara icyayi.

05Ibibazo nibitekerezo mugutezimbere imashini yicyayi mubushinwa

Nubwo iterambere ryimashini yicyayi muriUbushinwaimaze gutera imbere cyane, haracyari icyuho kinini ugereranije nurwego rwo gukoresha imashini zinganda.Hagomba gufatwa ingamba zihamye zo kwihutisha kuzamura no guhindura inganda zicyayi.

1.ibibazo

 Nubwo abantu bamenya gucunga imashini yubusitani bwicyayi no gutunganya icyayi hakoreshejwe imashini bigenda byiyongera, kandi uduce tumwe na tumwe twicyayi nabwo buri murwego rwo hejuru rwimashini, ukurikije imbaraga zubushakashatsi muri rusange hamwe niterambere ryiterambere, haracyari ibibazo bikurikira:

(1) Urwego rusange rwibikoresho byimashini yicyayi muriUbushinwani bike, kandi umurongo utanga umusaruro ntabwo wabonye neza ubwengenyamara.

(2) Ubushakashatsi niterambere ryimashini yicyayiryntaringaniza, kandi imashini nyinshi zitunganya zifite urwego ruto rwo guhanga udushya.

(3)Muri rusange ibikoresho bya tekiniki yimashini yicyayi ntabwo biri hejuru, kandi ingufu zingirakamaro.

(4)Imashini nyinshi zicyayi zabuze ikoreshwa ryubuhanga buhanitse, kandi urwego rwo kwishyira hamwe na agronomie ntabwo ruri hejuru

(5)Kuvanga gukoresha ibikoresho bishya kandi bishaje bitera ingaruka z'umutekano kandi bikabura amahame n'ibipimo bihuye.

2.impamvu naingamba zo guhangana

Duhereye ku bushakashatsi bwubuvanganzo no gusesengura uko ibintu bimeze ubu uruganda rukora imashini zicyayi, impamvu nyamukuru ni:

(1) Inganda zikora imashini zicyayi ziri mumwanya winyuma, kandi inkunga leta ifasha muruganda iracyakenewe gushimangirwa.

(2) Amarushanwa ku isoko ryimashini yicyayi arahungabanye, kandi kubaka bisanzwe imashini zicyayi zirasigaye inyuma

(3) Ikwirakwizwa ryubusitani bwicyayi riratatanye, kandi urwego rwumusaruro usanzwe wimashini zikora ntabwo ari hejuru.

(4) Inganda zikora imashini yicyayi ni ntoya mubunini kandi ifite intege nke mubushobozi bushya bwo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa

(5) Kubura abakora imashini yicyayi yabigize umwuga, badashobora gutanga umukino wuzuye kumikorere yibikoresho bya mashini.

3.Ibyiringiro

Kugeza ubu, gutunganya icyayi mu gihugu cyanjye ahanini byageze ku mashini, ibikoresho by’imashini imwe bikunda gukora neza, bizigama ingufu kandi bikomeza iterambere, imirongo y’umusaruro iratera imbere mu cyerekezo gikomeza, cyikora, gisukuye kandi gifite ubwenge, no guteza imbere ubusitani bwicyayi imashini ikora nayo iratera imbere.Ikoranabuhanga rihanitse kandi rishya nk'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n'ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ryakoreshejwe buhoro buhoro mu bice byose byo gutunganya icyayi, kandi hari intambwe nini imaze guterwa.Mu gihe igihugu cyibanda ku nganda z’icyayi, hashyizweho politiki zinyuranye nk’imfashanyo y’imashini z’icyayi, hamwe n’iterambere ry’itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi ry’icyayi, imashini z’icyayi zizaza zizamenya iterambere ry’ubwenge, ndetse n’igihe cyo “gusimbuza imashini. ”Ari hafi cyane!