An yi rikodin tasirin anti-mai kumburi da detoxifying na shayi a farkon Shennong herbal classic.Tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, mutane suna biyan kuɗi
da karin kulawa ga aikin kula da lafiya na shayi.Tea yana da wadata a cikin polyphenols na shayi, polysaccharides na shayi, theanine, maganin kafeyin da sauran abubuwan aiki.Yana da yuwuwar hana kiba, ciwon sukari, kumburi na yau da kullun da sauran cututtuka.
Furen hanji ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin muhimmin “gaɓar ƙwayar cuta” da kuma “gabon endocrin”, wanda ya ƙunshi kusan tiriliyan 100 microorganisms a cikin hanji.Furen hanji yana da alaƙa ta kusa da faruwar kiba, ciwon sukari, hauhawar jini da sauran cututtuka.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙarin bincike sun gano cewa tasirin kiwon lafiya na musamman na shayi za a iya danganta shi da hulɗar da ke tsakanin shayi, kayan aiki da kuma flora na hanji.Yawancin wallafe-wallafen sun tabbatar da cewa polyphenols na shayi tare da ƙananan bioavailability za a iya sha da kuma amfani da su ta hanyar microorganisms a cikin babban hanji, yana haifar da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya.Koyaya, tsarin mu'amala tsakanin shayi da flora na hanji bai bayyana ba.Ko da kai tsaye sakamakon metabolites na shayi aiki aka gyara tare da sa hannu na microorganisms, ko kai tsaye tasirin shayi stimulating girma na musamman m microorganisms a cikin hanji don samar da m metabolites.
Sabili da haka, wannan takarda ta taƙaita hulɗar da ke tsakanin shayi da kayan aikinta da kuma flora na hanji a gida da waje a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da kuma tsefe tsarin tsari na "shayi da kayan aikin sa - flora na hanji - metabolites na hanji - lafiya mai masauki", domin samar da sababbin ra'ayoyi don nazarin aikin kiwon lafiya na shayi da kayan aikin sa.

01
Dangantaka tsakanin flora na hanji da homeostasis na mutum
Tare da yanayi mai dumi da rashin rarrabawa na hanjin ɗan adam, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta za su iya girma da kuma haifuwa a cikin hanjin ɗan adam, wanda wani sashe ne na jikin ɗan adam wanda ba ya rabuwa.Microbiota da jikin ɗan adam ke ɗauka zai iya haɓaka daidai da haɓakar jikin ɗan adam, kuma yana kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na ɗan lokaci da bambance-bambancen lokacin girma har zuwa mutuwa.
Furen hanji na iya yin tasiri mai mahimmanci akan rigakafi na ɗan adam, metabolism da tsarin juyayi ta hanyar wadataccen metabolites ɗin sa, kamar gajeriyar sarkar fatty acid (SCFAs).A cikin hanji na manya masu lafiya, Bacteroidetes da Firmicutes sune tsire-tsire masu rinjaye, suna lissafin fiye da 90% na jimlar flora na hanji, sannan Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, verrucomicrobia da sauransu.
Daban-daban ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin hanji suna haɗuwa a cikin wani yanki, ƙuntatawa da dogara ga juna, don kula da ma'auni na gida na hanji.Damuwar tunani, dabi'un cin abinci, maganin rigakafi, pH na hanji mara kyau da sauran abubuwan zasu lalata daidaiton yanayin hanji, haifar da rashin daidaituwa na furen hanji, kuma zuwa wani lokaci, yana haifar da rikicewar rayuwa, haɓakar kumburi, har ma da sauran cututtukan da ke da alaƙa. , kamar cututtukan ciki, cututtukan kwakwalwa da sauransu.
Abincin abinci shine mafi mahimmancin abin da ke shafar furen hanji.Abincin lafiya (kamar babban fiber na abinci, prebiotics, da dai sauransu) zai inganta haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani, kamar karuwar adadin Lactobacillus da Bifidobacterium da ke samar da SCFAs, don haɓaka haɓakar insulin da inganta lafiyar mai gida.Abincin da ba shi da kyau (kamar sukari mai yawa da abincin calorie mai yawa) zai canza tsarin flora na hanji da kuma ƙara yawan kwayoyin cutar Gram-korau, yayin da yawancin kwayoyin cutar Gram-korau za su tada samar da lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ƙara haɓakar hanji. kuma yana haifar da kiba, kumburi har ma da endotoxemia.
Sabili da haka, abinci yana da mahimmanci don kiyayewa da kuma tsara homeostasis na flora na hanji na mai gida, wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da lafiyar mai gida.

02

Tsarin shayi da kayan aikin sa akan furen hanji
Ya zuwa yanzu, akwai fiye da 700 sanannun mahadi a cikin shayi, ciki har da shayi polyphenols, shayi polysaccharides, theanine, caffeine da sauransu.Bincike ya nuna cewa shayi da kayan aikin sa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin nau'ikan tsire-tsire na hanji, gami da haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta kamar akkermansia, bifidobacteria da Roseburia, da hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa kamar Enterobacteriaceae da Helicobacter.
1. Ka'idar shayi akan flora na hanji
A cikin samfurin colitis wanda dextran sodium sulfate ya haifar, shayi shida an tabbatar da cewa suna da tasirin prebiotic, wanda zai iya ƙara yawan nau'in flora na hanji a cikin ƙwayoyin colitis, rage yawan ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari da kuma ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani.

Huang et al.An gano cewa maganin sa baki na shayi na Pu'er na iya rage kumburin hanji wanda dextran sodium sulfate ya haifar;A lokaci guda, sa baki magani na Pu'er shayi na iya rage dangi da yawa na yiwuwar cutarwa kwayoyin Spirillum, cyanobacteria da Enterobacteriaceae, da kuma inganta karuwa da dangi yawan amfanin kwayoyin Ackermann, Lactobacillus, muribaculum da ruminococcaceae ucg-014.Gwajin dashen ƙwayoyin cuta na fecal ya ƙara tabbatar da cewa shayi na Pu'er na iya inganta colitis wanda dextran sodium sulfate ya haifar ta hanyar juyawa rashin daidaituwa na furen hanji.Wannan haɓakawa na iya kasancewa saboda haɓaka abun ciki na SCFAs a cikin linzamin kwamfuta na cecum da kunna masu karɓa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin peroxisome proliferators γ Ƙarfafa magana.Wadannan binciken sun nuna cewa shayi yana da aikin prebiotic, kuma ana danganta aikin kiwon lafiyar shayi a kalla a wani bangare na tsarinsa na flora na hanji.

2. Dokar polyphenols na shayi akan furanni na hanji
Zhu et al ya gano cewa shiga tsakani na Fuzhuan Tea Polyphenol na iya rage rashin daidaituwar flora na hanji a cikin berayen da ke haifar da abinci mai kitse, haɓaka bambance-bambancen flora na hanji, rage rabon Firmicutes / Bacteroidites, kuma yana haɓaka yawan dangi na wasu mahimman abubuwan. ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ciki har da akkermansia muciniphila, alloprevotella Bacteroides da faecalis baculum, da gwajin dashen ƙwayoyin cuta na fecal sun ƙara tabbatar da cewa tasirin asarar nauyi na Fuzhuan Tea polyphenols yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da flora na hanji.Wu et al.An tabbatar da cewa a cikin samfurin colitis wanda dextran sodium sulfate ya haifar, ana samun tasirin rage tasirin epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) akan colitis ta hanyar daidaita flora na hanji.EGCG na iya inganta haɓakar dangi da yawa na SCFAs masu samar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar Ackermann da Lactobacillus.Tasirin prebiotic na polyphenols na shayi na iya rage rashin daidaituwa na furen hanji wanda ke haifar da mummunan dalilai.Ko da yake takamaiman harajin ƙwayoyin cuta da aka tsara ta hanyoyin daban-daban na polyphenols na shayi na iya bambanta, babu shakka cewa aikin kiwon lafiya na polyphenols na shayi yana da alaƙa da flora na hanji.
3. Tsarin shayi na polysaccharide akan flora na hanji
Polysaccharides na shayi na iya haɓaka bambancin furen hanji.An samo shi a cikin hanji na berayen nau'in ciwon sukari cewa polysaccharides na shayi na iya ƙara yawan dangi na SCFAs masu samar da ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su lachnospira, victivallis da Rossella, sannan inganta glucose da metabolism na lipid.A lokaci guda, a cikin samfurin colitis wanda dextran sodium sulfate ya haifar, an samo polysaccharide shayi don inganta ci gaban Bacteroides, wanda zai iya rage matakin LPS a cikin feces da plasma, inganta aikin shinge na epithelial na hanji da kuma hana hanji da tsarin jiki. kumburi.Don haka, polysaccharide shayi na iya haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani kamar su SCFAs da hana haɓakar LPS masu samar da ƙwayoyin cuta, ta yadda za a inganta tsari da abun da ke cikin flora na hanji da kiyaye homeostasis na furen hanji na ɗan adam.
4. Dokokin sauran kayan aikin aiki a cikin shayi akan flora na hanji
Tea saponin, wanda kuma aka sani da shayi saponin, wani nau'i ne na mahadi na glycoside tare da hadadden tsari wanda aka samo daga tsaba na shayi.Yana da babban nauyin kwayoyin halitta, polarity mai ƙarfi kuma yana da sauƙin narkewa cikin ruwa.Li Yu da sauran su sun ciyar da ragunan da aka yaye da saponin na shayi.Sakamakon bincike na flora na hanji ya nuna cewa yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani da ke da alaƙa da haɓaka rigakafi na jiki da ikon narkewa sun karu sosai, yayin da yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa da ke da alaƙa da kamuwa da jiki sun ragu sosai.Saboda haka, shayi saponin yana da kyakkyawan sakamako mai kyau akan flora na hanji na raguna.Sakon shayi na saponin na iya haɓaka nau'ikan furanni na hanji, haɓaka homeostasis na hanji, da haɓaka rigakafi da ikon narkewar jiki.
Bugu da ƙari, babban kayan aikin da ke cikin shayi kuma sun haɗa da theanine da caffeine.Duk da haka, saboda yawan bioavailability na theanine, maganin kafeyin da sauran kayan aikin aiki, an gama sha kafin a kai ga babban hanji, yayin da furen hanji ya fi rarraba a cikin babban hanji.Don haka, hulɗar da ke tsakanin su da flora na hanji ba ta bayyana ba.

03
Tea da kayan aikin sa suna daidaita flora na hanji
Hanyoyin da za su iya shafar lafiyar mai gida
Lipinski da sauransu sun yi imanin cewa mahadi tare da ƙarancin bioavailability gabaɗaya suna da halaye masu zuwa: (1) nauyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta> 500, logP> 5;(2) Adadin - Oh ko - NH a cikin fili shine ≥ 5;(3) rukunin N ko O wanda zai iya samar da haɗin gwiwar hydrogen a cikin fili shine ≥ 10. Yawancin abubuwan da ke aiki a cikin shayi, irin su theaflavin, thearubin, shayi polysaccharide da sauran mahadi na macromolecular, suna da wuya a sha kai tsaye ta jikin ɗan adam. saboda suna da gaba ɗaya ko ɓangaren abubuwan da ke sama.
Koyaya, binciken ya nuna cewa waɗannan mahadi na iya zama abubuwan gina jiki na flora na hanji.A gefe guda, waɗannan abubuwan da ba a sha ba za a iya lalata su zuwa ƙananan abubuwa masu aiki na kwayoyin halitta kamar SCFAs don sha da amfani da ɗan adam tare da sa hannu na furen hanji.A gefe guda, waɗannan abubuwa kuma suna iya daidaita flora na hanji, haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani waɗanda ke samar da abubuwa kamar SCFAs da hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa waɗanda ke samar da abubuwa kamar LPS.
Koropatkin et al ya gano cewa furen hanji zai iya daidaita polysaccharides a cikin shayi zuwa cikin metabolites na biyu wanda SCFAs ya mamaye ta hanyar lalacewa ta farko da lalata na biyu.Bugu da kari, shayi polyphenols a cikin hanji da cewa ba kai tsaye tunawa da kuma amfani da jikin mutum iya sau da yawa a hankali canza zuwa aromatic mahadi, phenolic acid da sauran abubuwa a karkashin mataki na hanji Flora, don nuna mafi girma physiological aiki ga mutum sha. da kuma amfani.
Yawancin bincike sun tabbatar da cewa shayi da kayan aikin sa galibi suna daidaita flora na hanji ta hanyar kiyaye bambance-bambancen microbial na hanji, haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani da hana ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa, ta yadda za a daidaita ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta don sha da amfani da ɗan adam, da ba da cikakkiyar wasa. ga muhimmancin kiwon lafiya na shayi da kayan aikin sa.Haɗe tare da nazarin wallafe-wallafe, tsarin shayi, kayan aikin sa da flora na hanji da ke shafar lafiyar mai gida na iya nunawa a cikin abubuwa uku masu zuwa.
1. Tea da kayan aikin sa - flora na hanji - SCFAs - tsarin tsarin kula da lafiyar rundunar
Kwayoyin halittar flora na hanji sun fi kwayoyin halittar mutum sau 150 girma.Bambancin kwayoyin halitta na ƙwayoyin cuta ya sa ya sami enzymes da hanyoyin rayuwa na biochemical wanda mai gida ba shi da shi, kuma yana iya ɓoye adadi mai yawa na enzymes wanda jikin ɗan adam ya rasa don canza polysaccharides zuwa monosaccharides da SCFAs.
SCFAs an kafa su ta hanyar fermentation da canji na abinci mara narkewa a cikin hanji.Shi ne babban metabolite na microorganisms a ƙarshen hanji, yafi ciki har da acetic acid, propionic acid da butyric acid.Ana ɗaukar SCFAs suna da alaƙa da alaƙa da glucose da metabolism na lipid, kumburin hanji, shingen hanji, motsin hanji da aikin rigakafi.A cikin samfurin colitis wanda dextran sodium sulfate ya haifar, shayi na iya ƙara yawan dangi na SCFAs da ke samar da microorganisms a cikin hanjin linzamin kwamfuta da kuma ƙara abubuwan da ke ciki na acetic acid, propionic acid da butyric acid a cikin feces, don rage kumburi na hanji.Pu'er polysaccharide shayi na iya sarrafa furen hanji sosai, yana haɓaka haɓakar SCFAs masu samar da ƙwayoyin cuta da haɓaka abun ciki na SCFAs a cikin najasar linzamin kwamfuta.Hakazalika da polysaccharides, shan polyphenols na shayi kuma na iya ƙara yawan SCFAs da haɓaka haɓakar SCFAs masu samar da ƙwayoyin cuta.A lokaci guda, Wang et al sun gano cewa shan thearubicin na iya ƙara yawan flora na hanji da ke samar da SCFAs, inganta samuwar SCFAs a cikin hanji, musamman samuwar butyric acid, inganta launin fata mai launin fata da kuma inganta kumburi. rashin lafiya da ke haifar da abinci mai yawan mai.
Don haka, shayi da kayan aikin sa na iya haɓaka haɓakawa da haifuwa na SCFAs masu samar da ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar daidaita ƙwayoyin hanji, don haɓaka abun ciki na SCFAs a cikin jiki kuma suyi aikin lafiya daidai.

2. Tea da kayan aikin sa - flora na hanji - bas - tsarin tsarin kula da lafiyar rundunar
Bile acid (BAS) wani nau'in mahadi ne da ke da tasiri mai kyau akan lafiyar ɗan adam, wanda ke haɗa shi ta hanyar hanta.Bile acid na farko da aka haɗa a cikin hanta suna haɗuwa da taurine da glycine kuma suna ɓoye cikin hanji.Sa'an nan jerin halayen kamar dehydroxylation, bambancin isomerization da oxidation suna faruwa a ƙarƙashin aikin flora na hanji, kuma a ƙarshe an samar da bile acid na biyu.Saboda haka, flora na hanji yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin metabolism na bas.
Bugu da ƙari, sauye-sauye na BAS suma suna da alaƙa da glucose da metabolism na lipid, shingen hanji da matakin kumburi.Nazarin ya nuna cewa Pu'er shayi da theabrownin na iya rage cholesterol da lipid ta hanyar hana ƙwayoyin cuta masu alaƙa da ayyukan bile salt hydrolase (BSH) da haɓaka matakin ɗaurin bile acid.Ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar gudanarwa na EGCG da maganin kafeyin, Zhu et al.An gano cewa aikin shayi na rage kitse da asarar nauyi na iya kasancewa saboda EGCG da maganin kafeyin na iya inganta bayyanar da bile saline lyase BSH gene of intestinal flora, inganta samar da non conjugated bile acids, canza bile acid pool, sa'an nan kuma hana kiba. haifar da abinci mai-mai yawa.
Don haka, shayi da kayan aikin sa na iya daidaita girma da haifuwa na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu alaƙa da metabolism na BAS, sannan su canza tafkin bile acid a cikin jiki, ta yadda za su yi aikin rage lipid da asarar nauyi.
3. Tea da kayan aikin sa - flora na hanji - sauran metabolites na hanji - tsarin tsarin kula da lafiyar rundunar
LPS, wanda kuma aka sani da endotoxin, shine mafi girman bangaren bangon tantanin halitta na kwayoyin Gram-korau.Nazarin ya nuna cewa rashin lafiyar flora na hanji zai haifar da lalacewar shinge na hanji, LPS ya shiga cikin wurare dabam dabam, sa'an nan kuma ya haifar da jerin halayen kumburi.Zuo Gaolong et al.An gano cewa shayi na Fuzhuan ya rage girman ƙwayar LPS a cikin berayen da ke da cututtukan hanta mai ƙiba, kuma adadin ƙwayoyin cuta na Gram-negative a cikin hanji ya ragu sosai.An kuma yi hasashen cewa shayin Fuzhuan zai iya hana ci gaban kwayoyin cutar Gram-negative da ke samar da LPS a cikin hanji.
Bugu da ƙari, shayi da kayan aikin sa na iya tsara abubuwan da ke cikin nau'ikan metabolites na flora na hanji ta hanyar flora na hanji, irin su cikakken fatty acid, amino acid mai rassa, bitamin K2 da sauran abubuwa, don daidaita glucose da metabolism na lipid. da kare kashi.

04
Kammalawa
A matsayin daya daga cikin abubuwan sha da suka shahara a duniya, an yi nazari sosai kan aikin shayi a cikin sel, dabbobi da ma jikin dan adam.A da, an yi tunanin cewa ayyukan kiwon lafiya na shayi sun hada da sterilization, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation da sauransu.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, nazarin flora na hanji ya jawo hankali sosai a hankali.Tun daga farkon "cutar flora na hanji" zuwa yanzu "cututtukan cututtukan hanji na hanji", yana kara bayyana dangantakar da ke tsakanin cuta da flora na hanji.Sai dai a halin yanzu, binciken da ake yi kan ka’idojin shayi da kayan aikin sa kan flora na hanji ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan daidaita matsalar flora na hanji, da inganta ci gaban kwayoyin cuta masu amfani da hana ci gaban kwayoyin cutar, yayin da aka kasa yin bincike a kan. ƙayyadaddun dangantaka tsakanin shayi da kayan aikin sa waɗanda ke daidaita flora na hanji da lafiyar baƙi.
Sabili da haka, bisa ga tsarin taƙaitaccen binciken da ya dace na kwanan nan, wannan takarda ta samar da babban ra'ayi na "shayi da kayan aikin sa - flora na hanji - ƙwayoyin hanji - lafiyar mai masauki", don samar da sababbin ra'ayoyi don nazarin aikin kiwon lafiya shayi da kayan aikin sa.
Saboda tsarin rashin tabbas na "shayi da kayan aikin sa - flora na hanji - metabolites na hanji - lafiyar mai masauki", yanayin ci gaban kasuwa na shayi da kayan aikin sa kamar yadda prebiotics ke iyakance.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gano "maganin magani na mutum ɗaya" yana da alaƙa da mahimmanci ga bambancin flora na hanji.A lokaci guda, tare da shawarwarin ra'ayoyin "maganin madaidaicin", "madaidaicin abinci mai gina jiki" da "madaidaicin abinci", ana gabatar da buƙatu mafi girma don fayyace alaƙar da ke tsakanin "shayi da kayan aikin sa - flora na hanji - metabolites na hanji - rashin lafiya".A cikin bincike na gaba, masu bincike yakamata su ƙara fayyace hulɗar da ke tsakanin shayi da kayan aikin sa da flora na hanji tare da taimakon ingantattun hanyoyin kimiyya, kamar haɗin rukuni da yawa (kamar macrogenome da metabolome).An binciko ayyukan kiwon lafiya na shayi da kayan aikin sa ta hanyar yin amfani da dabarun keɓewa da tsarkakewa na ƙwayar hanji da ɓeraye bakararre.Duk da cewa tsarin shayi da kayan aikin sa da ke daidaita flora na hanji da ke shafar lafiyar masu gida ba a bayyana a fili ba, ko shakka babu tasirin tsarin shayi da kayan aikin sa kan flora na hanji yana da matukar muhimmanci ga lafiyarsa.